Grammar 6

1. Common Modern Usage Generally ‘person’ is used for the singular. ‘People’ is used for the plural. 1 person100 people 2. ‘Persons’ The common modern usage of ‘person’ and ‘people’ is quite simple. However, the technical usage is not so clear because the language has changed. Consequently ‘persons’ is still…

1. ‘So’ vs. ‘such’ ‘So’ is used with adjectives (adj.) or adverbs (adv.).‘Such’ is used with nouns (n.). so + adj. so + adv. such + n. He is so happy he has been invited to the party. The girls finished their homework so quickly that their parents knew it…

Not every noun needs ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’.There are also times when you can drop ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ 1. Uses of the zero article 1. Uncountable nouns 2. Pronouns 3. Places or transport 4. What + uncountable noun! I love cheese. He is travelling in China. He’s at school.…

1. What is a fronted structure? There are times (usually speaking) when basic grammar is changed so people can emphasise something. To do this, the most important word or idea is moved to the front. 2. Examples of fronted structures Original sentence Fronted structure and emphasis I invited him Now…

Different phrases suggest different levels of formality (less polite or more polite) 1. General Invitation Phrases Phrase Examples very informal 1. Fancy (noun)?2. Fancy …ing?3. Do you fancy (noun)? 4. Do you fancy …ing? 1. Fancy some lunch?2. Fancy playing a game?3. Do you fancy a job?4. Do you fancy…

1. Wish There are different types of ‘wish’ structures: 1. Wanting a change of state2. Wishing for ability3. Regret4. Annoyance / want for external activity to stop or start5. Congratulations 2. Wanting a change of state To say you wish for a state to change, use: wish + past tense…

1. What are hypotheticals? Hypotheticals are imagined situations – they are based on the idea ‘what if x happened?’ Hypotheticals generally are made with two parts:if clause + result clause English has four conditionals. The 2nd and 3rd conditional describe imagined situations. 2. The 2nd Conditional The 2nd conditional means…

1. What is an adverbial clause? An adverbial clause is a clause that relates to, or changes, the verb in the main clause.An adverbial clause must go with a main clause. Some adverbial clauses may be shortened. These are reduced adverbial clauses. 2. Different Adverbial Clauses There are several different…

1. Using perfect modals Generally we use the perfect modals for: 1. Events that didn’t happen in the past2. Events that couldn’t have happened. 2. Should have / shouldn’t have Uses: Regret Strong judgement against others Regret Strong judgement I failed my test; I should have studied harder. I’ve been…